PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES INVESTIGATION OF TEUCRIUM POLIUM L.

Author(s): Nour Basudan, Nagat S. Abu-Gabal

Abstract: Aims: To perform successive extraction of the dried plant of Teucrium polium L. belonging to Lamiaceae family, obtained from Saudi Arabia, using five extracting solvents to evaluate its antimicrobial activity comparatively. GLC analysis of the saponified and unsaponified parts of the ethereal fraction. The volatile content of Teucrium polium L were identified usingGC-MS of, and determine their structures. The chemical composition of the protein and ash contents of the plant were analizded. Phytochemical investigation of the successive five extracts. Study Design: Collection of Teucrium polium L from Saudi Arabia Mountains, successive solvent extraction, application of different research points, including antimicrobial activity, GLC analysis of the saponified and unsaponified ethereal parts, GC-MS analysis of the volatile content of Teucrium polium L, and determination of the protein and mineral contents of the plant material. Methodology: Teucrium polium L. was collected in spring 2014 from the mountain region of Alkurr Wadi, Tabuk area, Saudi Arabia. Teucrium polium L shade dried, and ground into powder. The plant was applied to successive extraction using petroleum ether, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, methanol and water, respectively, at room temperature. The afforded extracts were tested against a set of pathogenic microorganisms for antimicrobial activity using the agar diffusion assay; the unsaponified and saponified fractions of petroleum ether extract were analyzed by GLC analysis, while the essential oil components of the plant have been determined by GC-MS analysis. The biochemical composition (protein and mineral contents) of the plant was determined as well. A phytochemical assay for the entire natural classes of the five extracts were determined as well. Results: Teucrium polium L. was collected from the mountain region of Alkurr Wadi, Tabuk area, Saudi Arabia. GLC analysis of the saponified and unsaponified parts of the ethereal fraction of T. polium L confirmed the existence of 20 fatty acid ester and 19 unsaponified hydrocarbons, among them 4 sterols: cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol. the most abundant fatty acid was Linoleic acid (66.10 %) in the saponified fraction, while n-octadecane, (12.0%), n-heptacosane (11.73%), n-nonacosane (10.25%), n-pentacosane (8.87), n-tricosane (7.49), n-hexadecane (6.03%), and cholesterol (6.01%), represent the most abundant unsaponified components. The hydro-distillation wasused for volatile oil content of Teucrium polium L and determined by GC-MS analysis, indicating the existence of 29 diverse bioactive compounds, namely (-)-caryophyllene oxide (17.83%), farnesol (14.32%), spathulenol (11.88%), α-Curcumene (7.21%), caryophyllene (5.17%), 2,2,6- trimethyl-1- (2-methyl-cyclobut-2-enyl)- hepta-4,6-dien-3-one (3.15%) representing the most abundant constituents of the essential oil (EO). The chemical composition of the protein content and mineral of the ash content was studied. Finally, the phytochemical evaluation of the successive five extracts was emphasized as well. Based on the antimicrobial activity testing, the pet. ether fraction revealed the most potent activity against the diverse set of Gram positive (B. subtilis, S. aureus), Gram negative (p. auragenosa) bacteria, yeast (C. albicans) and fungi (S. servisia, A. niger). Conclusions: T. polium L. is rich with several nutrient minerals and numerous diverse bioactive compounds, and hence it can be served as amale source of various medicinal compounds which can be exploited for their merchant production.

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