Assessment of Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effect of the Textile Dyes on Allium cepa

Author(s): Devashree N. Patil, Govind D. Vyavahare, Tejas S. Patil, Chetan B. Aware, Dipak V. Muley, Jyoti P. Jadhav*, Ravishankar Ramesh Patil

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxic effect of the textile dyes (Red HE48, Blue GL, Green HE4B and Violet Brown gmr (sulphur) on Allium cepa as a test organism. The effect of dye was assessed at the doses of 1mg, 3mg and 5mg/100ml concentration at the exposure time of 24 h in root tip cells of A.cepa. 500 cells for each dose were studied and the rate of mitotic index and aberrations were calculated. The result shows that there was decrease in mitotic index with increasing concentrations of textile dyes and abnormality rate was increased with increasing concentrations of textile dyes. Mainly 5mg concentration shows higher rate of aberrations with decrease in mitotic index. Aberrations like anaphase bridge formation, polyploidy, cell with no nucleus, micronucleus, disturbed prophase and stickiness in chromosome were found at the exposure time of 24 h. In addition, the toxicity level was checked by measuring chromosomal length, arm ratio and centromeric index. The result of this study will be useful in detecting the presence and action of mutagenic agents. Therefore, this will set pace for toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) studies.

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