IDENTIFICATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM Withania somnifera LEAF EXTRACT ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AND ANTICANCER PROPERTY

Author(s): Kala. K., Gopinath L. R, Abinaya. K., Bhuvaneswari. R., and Archaya, S

Abstract: Medicinal plants were identified by traditional communities in ancient times through their constant interaction with them. Modern medicines which were based on non-organic in origin lead to numerous complications interms of side effects and resistant genes. Hence more and more attention is paid to the medicines based on organic origin. Among numerous plants that have been used by traditional communities Withania somnifera one plant which was used for wide range of therapeutic properties. However, in the present study an attempt have been made to identify effective solvent and biologically active compounds for antimicrobial and anticancer property. Among the three-solvent water, methanol and ethanol. Methanol was found to be effective in identifying secondary metabolites and also quantity of secondary metabolites was higher when compared to other solvents. Phenols were found to be higher in the W. somnifera leaves followed by flavanoids and alkaloids indicating their therapeutic potential. GCMS results of methanol crude extract of W. somnifera showed 24 different compounds with alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, esters, etc. which are known for anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity among the tested organisms K. pneumonia showed the highest followed by P. mirabilis and P. aeruginosa comparable with the standard antibiotics. Antioxidant capacity of W. somnifera quantified through DPPH and ABTS assay. The DPPH scavenging activity increased up to 86.71 % with 400 μg/ml and ABTS reached up to 92.91 with 400 μg/ml. The methanol crude extract of W. somnifera showed least IC50 with HeLa 194.11 μg/ml followed by MCF 210.78 μg/ml HepG2 217.98 μg/ml cell lines.

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