In Vitro Regeneration and Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Wild and Micropropagated Tinospora cordifolia

Author(s): Priti, Bindu Battan and Sulekha Rani*

Abstract: Tinospora cordifolia is widely used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The main objective of our present study was to do in vitro propagation and to evaluate bioactive metabolites, anti-bacterial and antioxidant activity of wild and in vitro extracts of T. cordifolia. In vitro regeneration of T. cordifolia was tried using different explants placed on MS media with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinins and auxins. Nodal explants were selected for regeneration due to its superior regeneration potential than other explants. Kinetin (3mg/l) was good for shoot regeneration and elongation than BAP. The 2, 4-D along with BAP (1.5+ 2.0 mg/l) exhibited good callus production. IAA (1mg/l) displayed better results for root induction than IBA. Different solvent (methanol, ethyl acetate, Diethyl ether, aqueous and chloroform) extracts of wild and in vitro regenerated plant were analyzed for existence of phytochemicals and studied further for evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The antibacterial and antioxidant activity was evaluated by Agar well diffusion & DPPH scavenging method. Alkaloids, steroids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, sugar, terpenoids, proteins and carbohydrates were presented in wild plant extracts while callus tissue and in vitro regenerated plant extracts showed the presence of only alkaloids, phenol, terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids while saponins, glycosides and tannins were found to be absent. The antibacterial activity of wild plant was somewhat superior to callus and in vitro regenerated plant. The methanol extract exhibited good antibacterial activity in all sample (wild, callus and in vitro plant) extracts. The antioxidant activity of the wild plant, callus tissue and in vitro regenerated plant extracts in diverse solvents was evaluated. The TAA% value of wild plant, callus tissue and in vitro regenerated plant in methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, Diethyl ether & water solvent extracts were (89.26%, 83.27%, 76.28%, 60.67% and 81.11%), (48.45%, 51.52%, 40.78%, 32.00% and 35.27%) and (33.78%, 24.67%, 12.52%, 11.22% and 20.24%) and of Ascorbic acid (control) was 94.96%. The methanol extract of wild plant and in vitro regenerated plant and ethyl acetate extract of callus tissue showed maximum inhibition (89.26%, 33.78% and 51.52%). This investigation reveals that the extracts of wild and in vitro regenerated T. cordifolia are potential source of metabolites which are responsible for good antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

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