Application of Biotechnology for the Sustainable Development of Aquaculture-a Review

Author(s): Sreeya G. Nair and R. Radha

Abstract: Aquaculture, or the farming of aquatic animal and plants species, represents one of the fastest-growing food production sectors. Aquaculture also plays an important role in rural economies through the creation of new employments. In these cases, aquaculture outputs will need to be enhanced several folds in order to meet the rising demands for fish and other aquatic products in coming years. Aquaculture is not also left out in the application of biotechnological approaches. The aquaculture industry is currently faced with solving the simultaneous problems of developing economically viable production systems, reducing the impact on the environment and improving public perception. Aquaculture could help to meet increasing demand, and biotechnology can make a great contribution to improve aquaculture yields. Biotechnology is offering valuable applications and all of these applications could help improve the selective breeding, hybridization, productivity, health, growth, nutrition, cryopreservation and conservation of genetic resources in aqua cultural stocks for the benefit of human beings. However, there is need for the regulation of biotechnology activities in terms of the potential adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, based on published literature. this review discussed the importance of biotechnology in aquaculture, and the environmentally sound use and management of aqua cultural biotechnology in sustainable development of fisheries.

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