Hesperetin Modulates TGF-β Induced Invasion and Migration in Prostate Cancer Cells (Research Article)

Author(s): Nidhi D, Jyoti T, Ankit N and Noopur Thakur

Abstract: Hesperetin is known to possess anti-microbial, anti-fungal, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties along with good bioavailability. TGF-β induced cell proliferation and EMT are well known to have pivotal roles in metastatic prostate cancer. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effect of Hesperetin on TGF-β induced cell proliferation and EMT in prostate cancer cells (PC3). To explore the effect of hesperetin on cell viability, MTT assay was carried out. Effect of hesperetin on cell cycle progression of PC3 cells was measured using FACS. Wound healing assay and Invasion assay were done to investigate the effect of hesperetin on TGF-β induced migration and invasion of PC3 cells. Western blot technique was performed to investigate whether the canonical Smad signaling pathway is disrupted by Hesperetin and whether the TGF-β induced EMT markers like N-cadherin were changed. We found that hesperetin significantly inhibited cell proliferation of PC3 cells. Cells were also arrested in the S and G2M phase of cell cycle in the presence of hesperetin. Results of invasion and migration assay decipher the inhibitory effect of hesperetin on TGF-β induced invasion and migration in prostate cancer cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that hesperetin significantly decreased the expression of pSmad3 and N-cadherin which are molecular markers of canonical TGF- β signalling and EMT respectively. Hence, results of our study identified the potential of hesperetin to modulate TGF-β induced cell proliferation as well as invasion and migration of prostate cancer cells which may help to hinder the metastatic growth of prostate cancer cells.

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