A Review on Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nano Particles from Microbes (Review Article)

Author(s): *K. Ashitha Sanuj and N. Vanitha

Abstract: Nanotechnology is a new technology that has the potential to revolutionize a variety of scientific sectors. Nanoparticles are single particles with a diameter of 1–100 nm that are part of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles have recently become a popular material for developing new cutting-edge applications in communications, energy storage, sensing, data storage, optics, transmission, environmental protection, cosmetics, biology, and medicine due to their important optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are one of the most versatile nanomaterials due to their excellent chemical and thermal robustness. Physical and chemical approaches are available for the synthesis of ZNPs, but biological methods are found to more eco-friendly and provide a better-defined size and morphology. From a functional and mechanistic standpoint, we have highlighted the possibilities of exploiting the microbial world as nano factories for the production of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Microorganisms have a lot of potential for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles because it is environmentally safe and does not require the use of dangerous chemicals. Microorganisms are inexpensive and do not require a lot of energy. They can also accumulate and detoxify heavy metals using reductase enzymes, which convert metal salts to metal nanoparticles with minimal polydispersity and a narrow size range. If properly utilized, the vast pool of bioresources (microbes and microbial enzymes) could aid biosynthesized NPs in becoming a game changer in the near future. An overview of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their biogenic synthesis is briefly discussed in this review.

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